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Hookworm disease Epidemiology
- Hookworm infections are distributed all over the world in warm and humid regions (conditions which are needed for larval development)
- In the past, hookworm disease was a threat during tunnel constructions (e.g. St. Gotthard, where hookworms were detected for the first time!) or in miners in Europe
- Ancylostoma duodenale is mainly found in southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, India, China and the Far East
- Necator americanus prevails in South-East Asia, most of tropical Africa and North and South America, but is also found together with Ancylostoma in the Far East, India and South-East Asia
- Intensity of infection increases in childhood then levels off or declines in adults (sign of partial immunity)
- Humans are the only definitive host
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